The Effects Of Alcohol On A Man s Masculinity - 1265 Words

This study was aimed at finding out the effects of alcohol on a man’s masculinity and how drinking makes men feel in comparison to when they are sober. Existing literature from Addis and Mahalik, (2003); Good, Schopp, Thomson, Hathaway, Mazurek Sanford-Martens (2008); Dempster (2011) has suggested that the impacts of alcohol on masculinity and often results in men feeling pressure to keep drinking to keep their masculinity credit. This study used 4 males from St. Mary’s University, Twickenham. The study also used a semi-structured interview schedule consisting of 10 questions, not including prompts. Results when analysed showed that men’s masculinity is effected in terms of them feeling more pressure to drink, in order to be viewed as masculine. The purpose of the study was to find out how male students talk about the effects of alcohol on their masculinity. Limitations have been noted and are followed by improvements for this study if replicated. . Masculinity is an ideology that all males want to be and is quite often linked to social influence, men feel pressure to be more masculine and conform (Addis, Mansfield Syzdek, 2010; Peralta Cruz, 2006; Mahalik, Burns Syzdek, 2007). Alcohol is a legal drug, but when abused can cause many effects on physical health as well as causing social problems (Koch-Hattem Denman, 1987). Previous research by Carrigan, Connell Lee (1985) has found that masculinity started to become noticed in the 1970s and beforeShow MoreRelatedRape And Social Development Programs1519 Words   |  7 Pagesrape crimes by educating men about the false masculinity portrayed to them and to fight the culture surrounding it. Strain theory, as well as social learning theory, give some explanation to why date rapes are committed and social development programs may be a preventative. Specifically, what is date rape in legal terms and who does it involve? Criminal/Deviant Behaviour Rape is traditionally defined as ‘the act of sexual intercourse committed by a man with a woman not his wife and without her consent’Read MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat 1650 Words   |  7 Pageshas a dark, mysterious, gothic writing style. Poe was a troubled man that struggled in a lot of different areas in his life. It is believed that all of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories were connected to his tragic life events. â€Å"The Black Cat† is one of Edgar’s well-known short stories. It is about a man that endured a series of tragic events. This man was very feminine and his lack of masculinity soon got the best of him. One day the man began to hurt all of his animals and even his wife, but not theRead MoreHemingway vs. Fitzgerald1518 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 3 14 February 11, 2011 The literary world of the 1920’s is often referred to as the â€Å"Lost Generation.† This was a time of hopelessness and heartache from the damages of the war which caused carelessness and lack of responsibility. Everyone was affected in some way and often could not handle the situation, usually turning to alcohol to relieve all problems. According to Gertrude Stein, the literary figures of the 1920’s â€Å"drank themselves to death†, especially two of the greatest writersRead MoreDomestic Violence Essay - Cathy Simpson1022 Words   |  5 Pagesclasses, those living in rented accommodation, low income families and those people who are alcohol and/or drug dependant. According to a British Crime Survey, the offender was under the influence of alcohol in 39% of cases. Children exposed to or part of domestic violence in the household will become anxious and depressed, start to struggle at school and lose focus. Older children may start to use drugs or alcohol as a way to escape from the pain. These children often feel isolated and lonely and tooRead MoreEssay on Sexual Victimization of Women1160 Words   |  5 Pagesthe college campus. It is said that, â€Å"Several aspects of fraternity culture serve to create an environment for sexual coercion. Fraternities define masculinity in a very narrow way, emphasizing traditional male roles, such as athleticism, power, money, dominance, and an ability to consume alcohol† (Boeringer et al., 1991). The consumption of alcohol at college parties plays a dominant role on the actions of sexual assault that take place. It is due to these wild, unsupervised, gatherings that girlsRead MoreBullying Starts at Home Essays1495 Words   |  6 PagesPeople argue that bullying starts in the home, but what if ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s bigger than that? Some cultures are known for their hierarchy of the family model. The man is at the head of the family; he and his sons are of the most importance, and the mother and children are secondary. This type of hierarchy often leads to bullying that begins in the home, and leaks out into the community, sometimes even an entire culture. What evidence the literature available to date demonstrates ethnic groups, or culturallyRead MoreThe Media And Society Influence On Gender Roles1116 Words   |  5 Pagesleast one key academic argument from the course so far, evaluating its relevance and impact in terms of the social world in which you live. The media and societies influence on gender roles Introduction Gender stereotypes are everywhere. ‘Both masculinities and femininities come into existence at specific times and places and are always subject to change.’ (Connell, 1995: 185 cited in Wharton, 2012: 6). The term gender is a ‘doing’ word. It is a constant, active process. A role, is the expected behaviourRead MoreThe Psychological And Mental Effects Of Fertility1086 Words   |  5 Pagesbe attributed to physiological factors in one or both partners, it still has a psychological impact on the relationship. The psychological and mental effects of fertility are present in both men and women, but there are options to help a couple get through it. Infertility describes the reproductive disease that causes a reduced potential for a man or woman to conceive or the failure of a woman to carry a child to term. Clinically, infertility is defined as the inability of women and men to achieveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel The Sun Also Rises 1272 Words   |  6 Pageswar those who worked in the war suffered great moral and psychological aimlessness. The unsuccessful looking for meaning in the wake of the Great War shapes the novel The Sun Also Rises. Although the characters rarely mention the war directly its effects haunts everything they do and say. Hemingway opens the novel with Gertrude Stein’s words, â€Å"you are the lost generation†. It is a line taken from Ecclesiastes in which the title â€Å"The Sun Also Rises† appeared. Hemingway himself was a part that hadRead MoreEssay on Young Males, Modern Society, and Drug Use4447 Words   |  18 Pagescertain forms of masculinity has not been analyzed. [For drug-related behavior and harm (p. 412). Broom (1995, p. 414) goes on to say Androcentrism, and the related neglect of gender, entails hazards to men as well as to women. For example, it has retarded recognition of the ways in which masculinity contributes to heart disease and cancer risk factors. Smoking was for several decades mainly a male activity: indeed, it was a means of confirming and displaying certain forms of masculinity. Traditionally

An Inquiry Into Adam Smiths the Rise and Fall of the...

An inquiry into Adam Smiths: The rise and fall of the Wealth of Nations What was the most important document published in 1776? The Declaration of Independence is the easy answer for Americans, but many would argue that Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations had a more important global impact. In this article, we will look at Smiths masterpiece and its contributions to modern economics. (For background reading, see Adam Smith: The Father Of Economics.) In Opposition to Mercantilism On March 9, 1776, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (commonly referred to as simply The Wealth of Nations) was published. Smith, a Scottish philosopher by trade, wrote the book to upend the mercantilist system.†¦show more content†¦By backing currency with hard metals, Smith hoped to curtail the governments ability to depreciate currency by circulating more of it to pay for wars or other wasteful expenditures. With hard currency acting as a check to spending, Smith wanted the government to follow free-market principles by keeping taxes low and allowing free trade across borders by eliminating tariffs. He pointed out that tariffs and other taxes only succeeded in making life more expensive for the people while also stifling industry and trade abroad. (For more on backing a currency with precious metal, read The Gold Standard Revisited.) Grapes Overthrow Mercantilism To drive home the damaging nature of tariffs, Smith used the example of making wine in Scotland. He pointed out that good grapes could be grown in Scotland in hothouses, but the extra costs of heating would make Scottish wine 30 times more expensive than French wines. Far better, he reasoned, would be to trade something Scotland had an abundance of, such as wool, in return for the wine. In other words, because France has a competitive advantage in producing wine, tariffs aimed to create and protect a domestic wine industry would just waste resources and cost the public money. What Wasnt in The Wealth Of Nations? The Wealth of Nations is an incredible book that represents the birth of free-market economics, but its not without faults. It lacks proper explanations for pricing or a theory of value, and Smith failed toShow MoreRelatedThe Implications to the Pursuit of Prosperity1770 Words   |  7 Pagesthe status-quo giving rise to a new modern capitalistic society the world knows well in this present age. However, this new social environment in the late 1700s presented uncharted maps for the citizens of society and newly formed governments. Naturally individuals carried a new found freedom without the reigns of monarchy holding them back and individuals could pursue wealth free from oppressing tyrants dictating. Societies were surging with their freedom, herein, giving rise to industrial innovationsRead MoreAdam Smith : The Father Of Modern Trade And The Free Market1258 Words   |  6 PagesAdam Smith is widely regarded as the father of modern trade and the free market. His avant-garde ideas are presented in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, a masterwork of political and economic analysis published in 1776. The general thesis of Smith’s argument is that it is in the best interest of countries to manufacture or maintain a â€Å"perfect liberty† in their economies, raising worthwhile questions of what this notion of liberty entails, and where it originates. ToRead MoreAn Inquiry into the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith Essay674 Words   |  3 Pages40 years after the publication of Adam Smith’s â€Å"An Inquiry into the Wealth of Nations† during the early 19th century, the rivalry between the Capitalists and the Landlords was at its peak. Thomas Robert Malthus had lived through two conflicts one the Industrial Revolution, and the Control of landowners over Parliament. Malthus wrote an essay on the theory of population where he challenged England’s poor laws. On the other hand David Ricardo believed that the Malthusian position regarding the CornRead MoreSake Etiek1900 Words   |  8 Pages1) Is Wal-Mart’s rapid rise to retail dominance a positive or negative economic development? A) Karl Marx Karl Marx’s theory is based on the surplus value (Karl Marx s theories? .2008). According to Karl Marx capitalists are able to exploit workers(doing involuntarily labour as a mere means to an end and not as an end in itself) because they only have labour to offer and this could be their only source of income, thus resulting in workers getting paid less than value created by their labourRead MoreThe Crisis Of The Bailout ( S )1475 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing financially as a whole (Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - the broadest quantitative measure of a nation s total economic activity (Investinganswerscom, 2016)), then the ability of the country to raise taxes safely becomes problematic. Thus, the well-being of the individuals of a society help that country to grow. In other words, in 1776, Adam Smith called this being â€Å"led by an invisible hand† (Smith, Cannan, 1904). This invisible hand is the self-interest of the individuals of society to betterRead More America s Foreign Aid Policy Essay5410 Words   |  22 PagesIts Time for Americas Foreign Aid Policy to Follow Thomas Malthus’ Prescriptions During the late 1700s, Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus each entered their predictions on the future of the world’s economies into the history books. In his writings in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Smith theorized that national economies could be continuously improved by means of the division of labor, efficient production of goods, and international trade. In An Essay on the PrincipleRead MoreWealth of Nations Summary2605 Words   |  11 PagesAN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS by Adam Smith (Chapters I-VIII Summary) Submitted to: Sir Lemuel P. Del Rosario Submitted by: Rian Karlo Z. Punzalan Section:2B-G2 CHAPTER I THE DIVISION OF LABOUR. When a work is broken down into much smaller work and distributed into individuals that specialize in that work, we can achieve maximum productivity. For example the work of making a computer program can be divided up into these assignments. 1. The main programmerRead More International Free Trade and World Peace Essay6197 Words   |  25 Pagestrade, the role of national government regarding trade and security, trades capacity to befriend belligerent nations, and finally, the influence of international economic institutions will be explored. In an attempt to present a fairly broad range of sources, this study features the ideas of four influential authors from two time periods and continents: from the 18th Century, Adam Smith and Alexander Hamilton, and from the 20th Century, John Maynard Keynes and Secretary of State Cordell Hull. Read MoreThe American Reaction to Richard Cobden: An Economy of Fear Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagesprotectionism† (p. 152). The economic concept of protectionism dates back to Adam Smith’s idea of comparative and absolute advantage. The country with the ability to produce the same amount of a good or service with fewer resources than another country has the absolute advantage. However, if the other country has a lower opportunity cost of producing that same good or service, they have the comparative advantage. Smith argued that â€Å"If a foreign country can supply us with a commodity cheaper thanRead MoreDemand Curve and Supply Curve2333 Words   |  10 Pagesits availability decreases, its price rises. On the other hand, if availability of the good increases and the desire for it decreases, the price comes down†. In 1691, John Locke worked on some considerations of the consequences of the lowering of interest and the raising of the value of money. It includes an early and clear description of supply and demand and their relationship. In this description demand is rent: â€Å"The price of any commodity rises or falls by the proportion of the number of buyer

Educational Psychology Teacher Interview Essay Example For Students

Educational Psychology Teacher Interview Essay Educational Psychology Teacher InterviewI interviewed a teacher from the Philadelphia School District and here is the result from my interview. I am a teacher in the head start program of Philadelphia .I have been with the head start program for 10yrs. I see children younger than kindergarteners with . I see this problem not only with education but . Children with special problems can learn. You have to know how to deal with children period. Regular children and special educational children all learn. Special educational children know exactly what they’re doing just as well as regular children. The teachers involvement with the process is the teachers observes the children than fills out an application or suggest that this student needs some type of help if its with speech, or any other problem.In head start we have physiologist who get children together and evaluate the children. They do a test and it is evaluated with staff and parents or guardian of the child. We are involved in the Early Invention Programs. This program is even for younger children with behavioral problems and we get help from a supportive staff.ProsCons1.Test1.The terminology they slow the 2. Free (help) staff uses with parents.2. Not enough people to provideservices.3. Therapist does not follow up year to year4. Dedication from pre k-12 grade5. Parents don’t show confidence in their childMy opinion on issue special education. We as teachers and therapist really need to take our jobs serious. They are children all over the world that need help.

the history of microsoft word Essay Example

the history of microsoft word Essay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The first version of Microsoft Word was developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, former Xerox programmers hired by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1981. Both programmers worked on Xerox Bravo, the first Microsoft WYSIW{Gword processor. The first Word version, Word 1. 0, was released in October 1983 for Xenix and MS- DOS; it was followed by four very similar versions that were not very successful. The first Windows version was released in 1989, with a slightly improved interface. When Windows 3. 0 was released in 1990, Word became a huge commercial success. Word for Windows 1. 0 was followed by Word 2. 0 in 1991 and Word 6. 0 in 1993. Then it was renamed to Word 95 and Word 97, Word 2000 and Word for Office XP (to follow Windows commercial names). With the release of Word 2003, the numbering was again year-based. Since then, Word 2007, Word 2010, and most recently, Word 2013 have been released for Windows. In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST. I] The Atari ST version was a translation of Word 1. 05 for the Apple Macintosh; however, it was released under the name Microsoft Write (the name of the word processor included with Windows during the 80s and early 90s). [2][3] Unlike other versions of Word, the Atari version was a one time release with no future updates or revisions. The release of Microsoft Write was one of two major PC applications that were released for the Atari ST (the other application being WordPerfect) . Microsoft Write was released for the Atari ST in 1988. We will write a custom essay sample on the history of microsoft word specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on the history of microsoft word specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on the history of microsoft word specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Contents [hide] 1 word 1990 to 1995 2 word 97 3 word 98 4 word 2001 mord X 5 word 2002,xp 6 word 2003 7 word 2004 8 word 2007 9 word 2008 10 word 2010 11 word 2011 12 word 2013 3 See also 14 Further reading 1 5 References 16 External links word 1990 to 1995tedit] The very first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989 at a price of US$495. [4] With the release of Windows 3. 0 the following year, sales began to pick up (Word for Windows 1. 0 was designed for use with Windows 3. , and its performance was poorer with the versions of Windows available when it was first released). The failure of WordPerfect to produce a Windows version proved a fatal mistake. It was version 2. 0 of Word, however, that firmly established Microsoft Word as the market leader. 5] The early versions of Word also included copy protection mechanisms that tried to detect debuggers, and if one was found, it produced the message The tree of evil bears bitter fruit. Now trashing program disk. and performed a zero seek on the floppy disk (but did not delete its contents). 6][7][8] After MacWrite, Word for Macintosh never had any serious rivals, although programs such as Nisus Writer provided features such as non-continuous selection, which were not added until Word 2002 in Office XP. In addition, many users[who? ] complained that major pdates reliably came more than two years apart, too long for most business users at that time. Word 5. 1 for the Macintosh, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor, owing to its elegance, relative ease of use and feature set. However, version 6. 0 for the Macintosh, released in 1994, was widely derided, unlike the Windows version. It was the first version of Word based on a common code base between the Windows and Mac versions; many accused it of being slow, clumsy and memory intensive. In response to user requests, Microsoft offered a free downgrade to Word 5. 1 for dissatisfied Word 6. 0 purchasers. [citation needed] With the release of Word 6. 0 in 1993 Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms; this time across the three versions for DOS, Macintosh, and Windows (where the previous version was Word for Windows 2. 0). There may have also been thought given to matching the current version 6. 0 of WordPerfect for DOS and Windows, Words major competitor. However, this wound up being the last version of Word for DOS. In addition, subsequent ersions of Word were no longer referred to by version number, and were instead named after the year of their release (e. g. Word 95 for Windows, synchronizing its name with Windows 95, and Word 98 for Macintosh), once again breaking the synchronization. When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it released the entire DOS port of Microsoft Word 5. instead of getting people to pay for the update. As of June 2013, it is still available for download from Microsofts web site. [9] Word 6. 0 was the second attempt to develop a common code base version of Word. The first, code-named Pyramid, had been an attempt to completely rewrite the existing product. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added in the same time without a rewrite. Supporters of Pyramid claimed that it would have been faster, smaller, and more stable than the product that was eventually released for Macintosh, and which was compiled using a beta version of Visual C++ 2. 0 that targets the Macintosh, so many optimizations have o be turned off (the version 4. 2. 1 of Office is compiled using the final version), and sometimes use the Windows API simulation library included. [10] Pyramid would have been truly cross-platform, with machine-independent application code and a small mediation layer between the application and the operating system. More recent versions of Word for Macintosh are no longer ported versions of Word for Windows, although some code is often appropriated from the Windows version for the Macintosh version. [citation needed] Later versions of Word have more capabilities han merely word processing. The drawing tool allows simple desktop publishing operations, such as adding graphics to documents. Collaboration, document comparison, multilingual support, translation and many other capabilities have been added over the years. citation needed] Word 97[edit] Word 97 had the same general operating performance as later versions such as Word 2000. This was the first copy of Word featuring the Office Assistant, Clippit, which was an animated helper used in all Office programs. This was a takeover from the earlier launched concept in Microsoft Bob. Word 98[edit] Word 98 for the Macintosh gained many features of Word 97, and was bundled with the Macintosh Office 98 package. Document compatibility reached parity wi th Office 97 and Word on the Mac became a viable business alternative to its Windows counterpart. Unfortunately, Word on the Mac in this and later releases also became vulnerable to future macro viruses that could compromise Word (and Excel) documents, leading to the only situation where viruses could be cross-platform. A Windows version of this was only bundled with the Japanese/Korean Microsoft Office 7 Powered By Word 98 and could not be purchased separately. Word 2001 mord xcedit] Word 2001 was bundled with the Macintosh Office for that platform, acquiring most, if not all, of the feature set of Word 2000. Released in October 2000, Word 2001 was also sold as an individual product. The Macintosh version, Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on (and required) Mac OS X. Word 2002/XP[edit] See also: Microsoft Office XP Word 2002 was bundled with Office XP and was released in 2001. It had many of the same features as Word 2000, but had a major new feature called the Task Panes, hich gave quicker information and control to a lot of features that were before only available in modal dialog boxes. One of the key advertising strategies for the software was the removal of the Office Assistant in favor of a new help system, although it was simply disabled by default. Word 2003[edit] See also: Microsoft Office 2003 For the 2003 version, the Office programs, including Word, were rebranded to emphasize the unity of the Office suite, so that Microsoft Word officially became Microsoft Office Word. Word 2004[edit] A new Macintosh version of Office was released in May 2004. Substantial cleanup of he various applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and feature parity with Office 2003 (for Microsoft Windows) created a very usable release. Microsoft released patches through the years to eliminate most known macro vulnerabilities from this version. While Apple released Pages and the open source community created NeoOffce, Word remains the most widely used word processor on the Macintosh. Word 2007[edit] See also: Microsoft Office 2007 The release includes numerous changes, including a new XML-based file format, a redesigned interface, an integrated equation editor and bibliographic management. Additionally, an XML data bag was introduced, accessible via the object model and file format, called Custom XML this can be used in conjunction with a new feature called Content Controls to implement structured documents. It also has contextual tabs, which are functionality specific only to the object with focus, and many other features like Live Preview (which enables you to view the document without making any permanent changes), Mini Toolbar, Super-tooltips, Quick Access toolbar, SmartArt, etc. Word 2007 uses a new file format called docx. Word 2000-2003 users n Windows systems can install a free add-on called the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack to be able to open, edit, and save the new Word 2007 files. [11]Alternatively, Word 2007 can save to the old doc format of Word word 2008[edit] See also: Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac Word 2008 was released on January 1 5, 2008. It includes some new features from Word 2007, such as a ribbon-like feature that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. Word 2008 also features native support for the new Office Open XML format, although the old doc format can be set as a default. 4] word 201 ocedit] See also: Microsoft Office 2010 word 2011 [edit] See also: Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 word 2013[edit] The release of Word 2013 has brought Word a cleaner look and this version focuses further on Cloud Computing with documents being saved automatically to SkyDrive. If enabled, documents and settings roam with the user. Other notable features are a ne w read mode which allows for horizontal scrolling of pages in columns, a bookmark to find where the user left off reading their document and opening PDF documents in Word Just like Word content. See also[edit]