The An Lushan Rebellion in Tang China

The An Lushan Rebellion in Tang China The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynastys army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. Along the way, it nearly brought one of Chinas most glorious dynasties to an early and ignominious end. An almost unstoppable military force, the An Lushan Rebellion controlled both capitals of the Tang Dynasty for most of the rebellion, but internal conflicts eventually brought an end to the short-lived Yan Dynasty. Origins of Unrest In the middle of the 8th century, Tang China was embroiled in a number of wars around its borders. It lost the Battle of Talas, in what is now Kyrgyzstan, to an Arab army in 751. It also was unable to defeat the southern kingdom of Nanzhao - based in modern-day Yunnan - losing thousands of troops in an attempt to put down the rebellious kingdom. The only military bright spot for Tang was their limited success against Tibet. All of these wars were expensive and the Tang court was quickly running out of money. The Xuanzong Emperor looked to his favorite general to turn the tide - General An Lushan, a military man probably of Sogdian and Turkic origin. Xuangzong appointed An Lushan commander of three garrisons totaling more than 150,000 troops which were stationed along the upper Yellow River. A New Empire On December 16, 755, General An Lushan mobilized his army and marched against his Tang employers, using the excuse of insults from his rival at court, Yang Guozhong, moving from the area that is now Beijing along the Grand Canal, capturing the Tang eastern capital at Luoyang. There, An Lushan announced the formation of a new empire, called the Great Yan, with himself as the first emperor. He then pushed on toward the primary Tang capital at Changan - now Xian; along the way, the rebel army treated anyone who surrendered well, so numerous soldiers and officials joined the rebellion. An Lushan decided to seize southern China quickly, to cut off the Tang from reinforcements. However, it took his army more than two years to capture Henan, severely dampening their momentum. In the meantime, the Tang emperor hired 4,000 Arab mercenaries to help defend Changan against the rebels. Tang troops took up highly defensible positions in all of the mountain passes leading to the capital, completely blocking An Lushans progress. Turn of the Tide Just when it seemed that the Yan rebel army would have no chance to capture Changan, An Lushans old nemesis Yang Guozhong made a devastating mistake. He ordered the Tang troops to leave their posts in the mountains and attack An Lushans army on flat ground. General An crushed the Tang and their mercenary allies, laying the capital open to attack. Yang Guozhong and the 71-year-old Xuanzong Emperor fled south toward Sichuan as the rebel army entered Changan. The emperors troops demanded that he execute the incompetent Yang Guozhong or face a mutiny, so under intense pressure Xuanzong ordered his friend to commit suicide when they stopped in what is now Shaanxi. When the imperial refugees reached Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of one of his younger sons, the 45-year-old Emperor Suzong. Tangs new emperor decided to hire reinforcements for his decimated army. He brought in an additional 22,000 Arab mercenaries and  a large number of Uighur soldiers - Muslim troops who intermarried with local women and helped form the Hui ethnolinguistic group in China. With these reinforcements, the Tang Army was able to retake both of the capitals at Changan and at Luoyang in 757. An Lushan and his army retreated east. End of the Rebellion Fortunately for the Tang Dynasty, An Lushans Yan Dynasty soon began to disintegrate from within. In January of 757, the Yan emperors son, An Qingxu, became upset by his fathers threats against the sons friends at court. An Qingxu killed his father An Lushan and then was killed in turn by An Lushans old friend Shi Siming. Shi Siming continued An Lushans program, retaking Luoyang from the Tang, but he also was killed by his own son in 761 - the son, Shi Chaoyi, proclaimed himself the new emperor of Yan, but quickly became quite unpopular. Meanwhile in Changan, the sickly Emperor Suzong abdicated in favor of his 35-year-old son, who became Emperor Daizong in May 762. Daizong took advantage of the turmoil and patricide in Yan, recapturing Luoyang in the winter of 762. By this time - sensing that Yan was doomed - a number of generals and officials had defected back to the Tang side. On February 17, 763, Tang troops cut off the self-proclaimed Yan emperor Shi Chaoyi. Rather than facing capture, Shi committed suicide, bringing the An Lushan Rebellion to a close. Consequences Although the Tang eventually defeated the An Lushan Rebellion, the effort left the empire weaker than ever. Later in 763, the Tibetan Empire retook its Central Asian holdings from Tang and even captured the Tang capital of Changan. The Tang had been forced to borrow not only troops but also money from the Uighurs - to pay those debts, the Chinese gave up control of the Tarim Basin. Internally, the Tang emperors lost significant political power to warlords all around the periphery of their lands. This problem would plague the Tang right up until its dissolution in 907, which marked Chinas descent into the chaotic Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period.

Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive S Essays

Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive S Essays Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive Speech) AFTER SCHOOL JOBS In a world where getting ahead less of what you know and more of what youve done, I think that after school jobs for students are increasingly beneficial. I dont believe the myths that with a job there is no time for school work of extracurricular activities. I am a junior, I have had jobs since I was 15, I have never had my G.P.A drop below 3.2, and I have always been involved in at least three school activities. A teenager that has a job is more apt to be taught responsibility, learns more about money and gets a jump start on the real world after high school. One challenge that I have had to overcome, but ultimately grown stronger from is that of finding an appropriate time to finish my homework. I no longer take class time to work on my assignments for granted. While most of my friends who dont work usually go home and sit on their sofa for four hours before opening their bookbag, I have found that Friends and ER can still run their show without me watching, something I am afraid many of my peers have yet to discover. And shockingly enough it is possible to go for weeks without watching any television! Having a job has also taught me to respect authority. I have held jobs as a carhop, a waitress, and a grocery checker and sacker. Like most jobs that high schooler have, I am constantly around people. After being yelled at for undercooked steak or smashed bread, it is much easier to deal with rude people in other situations, I am much less likely to lose my patience and I understand that many problems and attitudes depend on circumstance. Many adults are also extremely impressed that is is automatic for me to address people older than me as maam or sir when I have a question or request. I think another positive was that jobs impact teenagers is that it teaches them about money. At the risk of sounding like a codjity old man, kids these days dont know the value of the dollar. I know many kids that are going to be in a world of hurt when Mom and Dad aren't there with their wallet to give them money to go out or buy their clothes and CDs. I now think twice before spending $115 dollars on a pair of shoes when I realize that will cost me thirty hours of working. I also have a better idea of what money buys and what things cost. After reading countless grocery totals everyday I am very aware that if I dont land a job in collage, I will be living off of Raman Noodles and the occasional Always Save hot dog. I look at taxes much different now, before I worked I didnt understand what all of the fuss was about. But after watching my meager paycheck melt away more every week, I understand why sometime the certainty of taxes seems like the more appealing option. After school jobs are great to prepare for life after high school. While I believe it is important to maintain healthy social life during high school, there aren't many collages or jobs that will accept you just because you are involved in every club offered. If you pick jobs responsibly, there is no reason while you cant stay active in school and work. I have not missed a football game yet in high school and I have been in every play put on by the school. Jobs prepare you for the world after school. After being a waitress I know I can find work in virtually any decent sized town in America. Because of my job I know that I cant just wake up in the mourning and go somewhere that I have not planned. Just like in the real world things must be planned weeks or even months in advance. If I need a job I know how to apply; I know how to pass an interview; I know how to impress authority figures, all skills I will need after I graduate. So for all of

Christian (faith based) article for a newsletter Essay

Christian (faith based) article for a newsletter - Essay Example The centre has taken on social tasks that have impacted inner-city residents, many of whom have been affected in many ways by their crime ridden and socially backward neighborhoods. As Executive Director, my most important duty will be to join the dedicated team of volunteers, donors and staff in contributing to the restoration of the communities we serve and reaching affected persons. The work we do under the aegis of the Nehemiah Center is one defined and inspired by our collective Faith in God. I believe it is our social responsibility to emphasis the teachings of Christ through social programs that reach those who are in need of intervention. It is our duty to follow the examples of Jesus and show compassion to our neighbours. â€Å"Blessed are those that give†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jesus says and â€Å"Blessed are the Peacemakers, for they shall be called the [children] of God† Our roles should truly be those of peacemakers and givers. In our communities we must dedicate time, effort and resources to the most vulnerable; our children. Children will not flourish into model citizens within a society that is destroying their hopes of a bright future. It is these young people who will inherit the pains and sadly subsequently perpetuate them if the cycle of rot is not broken and we must not lose sight of these. We should continually ask for the peace of God to reign in our communities. Although the challenges look arduous, we should be encouraged that â€Å"†¦the peace of God which passes all understanding, will keep our hearts and minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Philippians 4:7). For it is only when we are at peace with Him, at peace with others, that we can truly be most effective instruments of change. The issues that we confront do not require myopic approaches that only propose band aid solutions. Instead a holistic approach that clearly identifies the short and long objectives must be adopted. These objectives

Construction method statement and risk assessment Essay

Construction method statement and risk assessment - Essay Example (eg Designing river diversions with a series of pools to allow salmon to swim uphill despite damming of rivers in Alaska) CONCEPT: The next step is to submit the preliminary design to local authorities with a detailed report on contextual impact including Environmental impact for feedback by Government authorities and the local population who may have valid feedback regarding its impact on their lives. At this stage, all viable options to achieve the ends without this drastic intervention shall be weighed and discussed. FINAL PROPOSAL: The final proposal shall be prepared on the basis of feedback received on the conceptual proposal, and submitted for permissions. The same proposal shall be priced and tendered out to ascertain budget. Communication to effected local populace on all aspects of construction that may impact their daily activities. This would include possible demolition schedules, changes to river traffic, increased heavy road traffic to and from project site, etc. The actual project execution begins after plant and machinery required has been finalised, human resource is on site and is trained, and complete documentation and drawings are available to begin work. B. Excavation of diversionary channel to depth including foundations and sidewalls. Both ends shall be cast in-situ with metal gates in shut position. These gates will be opened permanently after channel is complete. D. As it is cheaper, faster, environmentally friendly, and a better qualitative output, the sections of the channel shall be cast off-site, and lowered over the dowels jutting out of the PCC on site. The exposed re-bars will be tied to dowel re-bars and concrete shall be poured to give a smooth inner finish to the channel. All elements to control water speed within the channel shall be cast as parts of the off-site modules and placed as required by design. 1. Cranes and

The Gutai Seen Through a Zen Lens Essay Example for Free

The Gutai Seen Through a Zen Lens Essay The Gutai Group are well known for their actions and have been considered by many a link between western contemporary art movements and contemporary eastern art. In February of 1998 the Museum of Contemporary Art in New York exhibited Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949-1979. In the exhibition catalog, of the same name, the Gutai Group is discussed extensively as a new tradition of action artists who were developing and practicing similar work as the likes of Pollock and Kaprow. Little heed is taken to examine the traditions that the artists came from, were influence by, and inevitably continued. Though the Gutai Group is considered a rebellious group of artists who broke from tradition, when looking back, many links between Japanese art before World War II[1] and the groups work are found. Most of these links can be seen when a close reading of the Gutai Group Manifesto is viewed from a Zen Buddhist perspective. It will be seen that the Gutai Group, though unorthodox, created artwork that is at the very least influence if not actually representative of Zen artwork.

Fight Club by Jack Palahniuk :: Movie Film Fight Club Jack Palahniuk Essays

Fight Club by Jack Palahniuk â€Å"You are not your job. You are not how much you have in the bank. You are not the contents of your wallet. You are not your khakis. You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake. What happens first is you can’t sleep. What happens then is there’s a gun in your mouth. And what happens next is you meet Tyler Durden. Let me tell you about Tyler. He had a plan. In Tyler we trusted. Tyler says the things you own, end up owning you. It’s only after you’ve lost everything that you’re free to do anything. Fight Club represents that kind of freedom. First rule of Fight Club: You do not talk about Fight Club. Second rule of Fight Club: You do not talk about Fight Club. Tyler says self-improvement is masturbation. Tyler says self-destruction might be the answer.† The novel Fight Club, by Jack Palahniuk was published in 1996 and released as a motion picture starring Brad Pitt and Edward Norton in October of 1999. Both the novel and motion picture proved to be very successful in their release to the public for one simple reason: Fight Club is a reflection of the suffering experienced by the ‘Generation X’ male who feels trapped in a world of the grey-collar (or service) working-class, a world filled with materialism and distractions, a group of men raised in single-parent families often devoid of a male role-model, and a world where there is no great cause for the average North American male to fight for. Whether consciously, or subconsciously, the average ‘Generation X’ male of modern society can relate to and understand Fight Club, which makes both the novel and motion picture such an important proclamation regarding the state of our modern culture. In Fight Club, we meet our main character who comes to us without a name. He can be referred to as ‘Jack’ but his name is not important. He comes to us without a name because he represents ‘any man’, any one of those ‘Generation X’ males living in our society at present. Jack is a thirty-year old man employed as a recall coordinator for a major automobile company. He lives in a condo that is furnished with all the comforts of modern society, namely mass-produced furnishings that can be found in the homes of millions across North America. Jack owns a car and has obtained a respectable wardrobe for himself over the course of time.

Negative Responses To Mathematics Education Essay

The intent of this study is to analyse the chief cause of mathematics panic in colleges and to offer solutions and give recommendations to the Head of the Department of Mathematics and Statisticss at Curtin University. By reexamining professional literature, scholarly diaries, and accredited web sites a better apprehension of the causes and effects of mathematics anxiousness, this study will accomplish the intent by analysing and reasoning the anterior research and give solutions that aimed at these issues. In add-on, the nature of the mathematics in general will besides be considered and associate mathematics to professional life. The study will foremost travel into an overview of the issues in mathematics learning and larning before covering with the job of the math terror in colleges. A general overview of the nature and societal position of mathematics will be discussed, which will so take to a examination of what universities should make to assist to direct pupils ‘ attitude and apprehension of mathematics.1.2 Background and recent findingsBecause of its public-service corporation and importance, larning mathematics is described as a necessity for a individual ‘s full development in the twenty-first century ( Kogce et al. 2009, 291 ) . However, the popular image of mathematic as hard, abstract, non really practical, and mostly masculine, etc. Therefore, math terror appears in vary degree of schools. Mathematicss anxiousness is introduced foremost by Dreger and Aiken in 1957 and it is defined as â€Å" a sequence of cognitive, affectional, and behavioural responses to a perceived self-pride men ace which occurs as a response to state of affairss affecting mathematics † ( Birgin et al.2010, 1 ) . Mathematicss anxiousness is prevailing among the college pupils population ( Zakaria and Nordin, 2007, 27 ) . Harmonizing to Google-counting, mathematics anxiousness emerges in schools particularly â€Å" in college † has 26,000 happenings ( Brown 2008, 61-92 ) . In add-on, Birgin et Al. ( 2010, 1 ) have found that negative attitudes to mathematics or mathematics anxiousness is a barrier in larning mathematics and go toing callings which require mathematics. As a consequence of mathematics anxiousness, impacts like â€Å" turning away of mathematics, hurt, and intervention with conceptual thought and memory procedures † may even widen negatively in big life.2.0 Causes & A ; consequence of mathematics anxiousnessMathematicss anxiousness has been found that may be affected by many causes, including â€Å" mathematics, educational and curriculum-related issues, parental attitudes, values, and outlooks toward mathematics † ( Baloglu and Kocak 2006, 1325-1335 ) . Numerous researches have analyzed the causes of mathematics anxiousness and the consequences are different from each other. Zakaria and Nordin ( 2008, 27-30 ) have claimed that low mathematics accomplishment normally accompany the happening of mathematics anxiousness. A pupil may be defeat by his/her ain fright that consequence from changeless failure in mathematics and do him/her to believe that he/she can ne'er make good on it. Furthermore, it is besides suggested that the chief cause of mathematics anxiousness has been in learning methods because most mathematics courses â€Å" did non encouraged logical thinking and apprehension † . It is besides believed that attitude towards mathematics can be one of the grounds of math terror ( Kogce et al. 2009, 291 ) . The attitude or value can be affected by instructors or parents. In add-on, clip force per unit area in mathematics trial should besides be considered when refers to causes of math anxiousness. The force per unit area c reated by clip restriction is the combination of emphasis may take to uncertainness about how to make the undertaking and fright of failure ( Buxton 1990, 153 ) . Figure 1. Relationship between anxiousness and self-efficacy ( Beginning: Hoffman, B. 2010 ) As displayed above in Figure 1, the standardised tonss showed a regressive relationship between mathematics anxiousness and pupils ‘ self-efficacy in work outing simple mathematics jobs. It is clear that as anxiousness additions, self-efficacy falls which indicates a strong correlativity between these two points.2.1 Value and attitudeOne of the grounds for mathematics anxiousness is attitude towards mathematics. Students ‘ attitudes or values toward math normally come from instructors and parents. Some researches held by universities show that pupils perform better when making exercisings in mathematics categories without instructors than the pupils under instructors ‘ supervising. Additionally, Buxton ( 1990, 155 ) have argued that instructors should non curtail pupil ‘s thought by stating â€Å" this is non the manner that written in books † or maintain giving the right reply without taking the pupils to believe independently. Otherwise, pupils may ex perience deadening and confounding and their motive to seek mathematics jobs work outing chances may be decreased and conglomerate into fright and turning away. Parents ‘ outlooks every bit much as instructors ‘ may besides give pupils force per unit area in mathematics. Parents normally stand in a place to judge their kids and fail to decide the position with expressed statements. For illustration, some parents show disappointedly on face when kids understand easy in mathematics. Therefore, kids may experience even harder to get the better of the jobs due to take down assurance and this turns into dying and turning away.2.2 Lack of understandingHarmonizing to Zakaria and Nordin ( 2008, 27-30 ) , a deficiency of apprehension is one of the chief causes of mathematics anxiousness and â€Å" that understanding based acquisition is more effectual than drill and pattern † . For most pupils, the first clip when they are afraid of work outing math jobs is when they can non understand the constructs in categories. Therefore, their assurance of larning mathematics may worsen and they lose involvement to get the better of the jobs. Lower accomplishment consequences and a damaging attitude towards mathematics may ensue from this sort of self-perceptions, which can impact their position of larning mathematics ( Hoffman 2010, 276-283 ) .2.3 Time force per unit areaMany pupils suffer anxiousness when it refers to be giving a certain extent of clip to complete certain committedness ( Hoffman 2010, 276-283 ) . This can be one of the factors when discoursing about the causes of mathematics anxiousness. For illustration, pupils who familiarized to work outing jobs without clip restriction might experience dying if they are told to work out jobs rapidly. Furthermore, harmonizing to some surveies, the emotional responses of pupils become intense often when pupils work on math jobs over an extended period of clip ( Buxton 1990, 153 ) . In other words, it is claimed that the more clip pupils spend on work outing math jobs, the more anxiousness they suffer. Most pupils failed in their mathematics tests due to blowing excessively much clip by worrying about the clip limitation and can non finish all the inquiries. Harmonizing to Hoffman ( 2010, 276-283 ) , the Test Anxiety Inventory ( TAI ) and the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale ( MAS ) were co-operating for the Problems Test of mathematics anxiousness. The pupils were required to react to all the points by giving adequate clip. The pupils finished all the inquiries within 30 proceedingss, although no clip bound was set. Harmonizing to this survey, it can be suggested that job work outing clip limitation can be one of the factors that consequences in mathematics anxiousness. However, Hoffman ( 2010, 276-23 ) suggests that â€Å" high dying persons may really hold faster problem-solving times † . Students may desire to complete the undertaking every bit shortly as possible when they are prompted feelings of dying or concern during the work outing mathematics jobs. This may ensue in faster completion of jobs, even though perchance at the loss of truth.3.0 Mathematics & A ; genderThere is a hypothesis assumes that adult females have more mathematics anxiousness than work forces due to less experience with mathematics. As a consequence, Hoffman ( 2010, 276-23 ) points out that female are less likely to seek chances to work out mathematical job and even mathematics callings, and tend to avoid occupations to make with computing machines and engineering that link to mathematics. However, many surveies failed to confirm considerable gender differences in math terror, even though legion surveies support the position that female have more math anxiousness t han male ( Baloglu and Kocak 2006, 1325-1335 ) .3.1 Gender StereotypeHarmonizing to Hoffman ( 2010, 276-83 ) , although ability may be the cause of public presentation differences, the pessimistic attitude to a high accomplishment shows females did non ‘try as difficult ‘ when work outing mathematics jobs. Some surveies suggest that more male than female enroll in the higher degree of classs in mathematics ( Meece, Wigfield, and Eccles 1990, 60-70 ) . Gender stereotype, one of the grounds why females are much passive in larning mathematics, seems to be the most persuasive 1. Gates ( 2001, 53 ) explains that gender stereotype that maleness associate with ground while muliebrity with alternate attacks is the cause of gender differences in mathematics anxiousness. This difference can impact their feelings in relation to mathematics job resolution. Harmonizing to Gates ‘ survey, ‘masculine ‘ topic such as mathematics and natural philosophies are seen as ‘difficult ‘ by female but ‘interesting ‘ by male. Therefore, female pupils may hold the terror of larning mathematics because they perceive it as being hard although they are interested in this topic. In contrast, Hembree ‘s meta-analysis claimed that the â€Å" negative behaviours associated with mathematics anxiousness † were more marked in males than females. In add-on, present research found that the influence of mathematics anxiousness on the accomplishments of males when work outing math jobs is stronger than females ( Hoffman 2010, 276-283 ) .4.0 Teaching mathematics in collegeâ€Å" Mathematicss anxiousness is prevailing among the college pupils population ( Zakaria and Nordin, 2007, 27 ) . † Harmonizing to Google-counting, college pupils have 26,000 happenings of math terror which is the highest among schooling. Zakaria and Nordin ( 2008, 27-30 ) further stated that the chief factor of mathematics anxiousness is learning methodological analysiss. For illustration, a study of Gabriella and Paul Rosenbaum Foundation called The Effect of Singapore Mathematics on Student Proficiency in a Massachusetts School District: A a Longitudinal Statistical Examination shows in figure 2 that after introduced the learning course of study of Singapore mathematics ( SM ) , the mathematics public presentation of pupils with Coded MCAS, who used to execute bad in this topic improved much better as overall. Furthermore, it is predicted that more than 50 % of the pupils are underprepared when they enrolled in mathematics classs in college ( Baloglu and Kocak 2006, 1325-1335 ) . Therefore, instructors in colleges should stand in a place of guiding and rectifying. Figure 2. Percentage of pupils with Coded MCAS, with and without SM ( Source: Goldman et al. 2009 )4.1 What universities offering presentlyTeachers presents make usage of learning AIDSs and resources such as artworks and theoretical accounts to assist pupils understand mathematical theories and rules ( Gates 2001, 53 ) . Resources are of import because they can supply an image or representation of the figure constructs and ease the apprehension of abstract nature of mathematics. It is argued that utilizing concrete resources in the procedure of larning mathematics can positively â€Å" increases pupils ‘ mathematics accomplishment and their attitudes towards mathematics † ( Kogce et al. 2009, 291 ) . However, the job is whether these resources truly assist apprehension. For case, resource like counters can be used to assist pupils number but the fact is a large figure of pupils can non make mental computation and they focus excessively much on the facets of mathematics of numbering. What ‘s more, another common state of affairs in university mathematics schoolrooms is that non all pupils feel easy to larn mathematics with the aid of the resources and AIDSs and some of them fail to link different facets of math even with the aid of legion graphs and diagrams. Consequently, Gates ( 2001, 125 ) have suggested that a bipartisan interactions between instructors and pupils should be strongly considered. Some pupils may accept the acquisition method given by instructors and ne'er think by their ain and see whether the present method is the best for them.4.2 Computer as instruction assistanceModern engineering today is used in most universities help instructors to learn pupils. Com puter should be one of the most utile technological tools in mathematics schoolrooms. Gates ( 2001, 167 ) have demonstrated that whether the usage of computing machine is effectual or non in mathematics is influenced by the categorization of functions of instructors and computing machines. Computers should be a instruction assistance by instructors and controlled by instructors. Computers used as learning assistance provide a figure of advantages to let go of pupils from some troubles during the acquisition of mathematics and cut down their mathematics anxiousness. For illustration, computing machine presents is used normally as an ‘electronic chalkboard ‘ for expounding and presentation. As a beginning of assorted information through cyberspace, instructors can seek considerable extend information to assist to better pupils understanding of cognition. Furthermore, Gates ( 2001, 168 ) has besides stated that in the signifier of exercisings and games, pupils can pattern mathematics accomplishments and better their coherency of different facets of this topic. In add-on, vivid images and presentation by the usage of computing machine resources may increase pupils ‘ involvement and cut down their terror of the troubles. A perfect illustration of computing machines assisting larning math is the Integrated Learning Systems ( ILS ) . This system n on merely sets exercisings but besides marks the work, evaluates and records advancement, and lead pupils to farther progress work ( Gates 2001, 169 ) .5.0 Mathematicss in our lifeMost people study mathematics until they lose involvement or until they find it excessively difficult for them. Low accomplishment or failure is one state of affairs that doing people reject larning a topic, and believe it ‘s non deserving to try.A However, mathematics is really of import to our life. Selby ( 1995 ) has explained how mathematics works in our day-to-day life individually for assorted facets. For illustration, numeration by manus or with a reckoner is necessary when people calculate weights or sums like money which appears in day-to-day life. Just like work outing mathematics jobs measure by measure, incorrect Numberss that show in one measure of a computation procedure would do all the remainder incorrect. Furthermore, when make fulling the revenue enhancement signifiers, people need to cipher with arithmetic followed the providing instructions measure by step.A Therefore, arithmetic as one portion of mathematics that taught in schools is utile and related to our life. Additionally, people may reason that facets like Algebra and geometry which may utilize with expressions and theories are non related to our life.A However, people should â€Å" understand expressions or calculation methods needed for loans, pensions and investings, A for store maintaining or purchasing and selling with markups or markdowns † Selby ( 1995 ) . What pupils learn in mathematics categories in schools is about understanding how the formulas work and being sensible. By cognizing these, it will offer people more options during gaining, funding or puting money. What ‘s more, statistics, farther subject in mathematics, is really popular nowadays.A A Statistics is utile in theA measuring or appraisal of Numberss and the mistake or fluctuation in the estimations. Such as in the state of affairs of ciphering informations forA productiveness or the monetary value of merchandises, statistics used to connote of import information from values like mean number.A Therefor e, as Gates ( 2001, 24 ) stated mathematics is a â€Å" powerful tool † in the universe that we live.6.0 DecisionIt is clear that the causes of mathematics anxiousness can be identified as, viz. , pupils ‘ values and attitude to mathematics which can be influenced by instructors, parents and even society ; pupils ‘ apprehension of mathematics constructs in categories ; and clip restriction in mathematics tests. There is a figure below helps to exemplify how anxiousness develops and affects pupils ‘ acquisition of mathematics. From chase to turning away, there may be a batch of grounds such as pupils find out they are non gifted at mathematics so they refuse to larn any longer, or female pupils may experience larning this topic is non appropriate for them due to gender stereotype. From assurance to anxiousness, unpleasant experience may be the chief cause. This experience may include deficiency of understanding consequence in failure in work outing jobs ; bla med by parents or instructors as low accomplishments or being compared with talented pupils ; clip restriction causes emphasis in test, etc. All theses causes above may take to failure in mathematics public presentation and turn back to even serious turning away and anxiousness. Figure 3. Math Anxiety Dynamics ( Source: Strawderman, W. 2004 ) In add-on, there is a strong correlativity between gender differences and math terror that males are more likely to go to advanced mathematics classs than females. It has been considered due to gender stereotypes except abilities. However, mathematics is used everyplace in our life and callings. From single measures and disbursals computation to revenue enhancement and funding, we need mathematics as a usher to populate a more choice life.7.0 RecommendationsAfter analysing the relevant issues in this study, assorted recommendations to the Head of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics have been developed due to extended research showing the impacts of mathematics anxiousness on college pupils. These recommendations are possible solutions to and assist pupils to be more confident in their ain ability to understand mathematics and to advance mathematics in the twenty-first century. The undermentioned suggestions can be undertaken to cut down mathematics anxiousness and increase p upils ‘ accomplishment: Teacher should develop an encouraging acquisition environment, free from tenseness and threatening of embarrassment or humiliation. This may cut down the pupils ‘ anxiousness about being judged by instructors while doing errors or neglecting to understand. Mathematicss instructor should show a caring attitude to their pupils to assist them get the better of mathematics panic. Test taking schemes should be given suitably might assist pupils to raise their accomplishment and cut down their anxiousness of mathematics trial. Students should set themselves under an test atmosphere when they making mathematics homework on a regular basis. Therefore, when they work outing jobs in tests, clip force per unit area will be reduced and pupils may experience more assurance. Activities in categories should include both independent and group work. Group work helps pupils to interchange their thoughts with pickets and reflecting their apprehension to instructors. Therefore, their jobs can be solved instantly or they may recognize that others have the same job as they do. Teaching AIDSs and resourced should be used efficaciously. Make a connexion of mathematics in schools and new engineerings. Small categories like tutorials should be increased alternatively of go forthing countless prep to pupils to complete after categories. Once pupils confused or make non understand during their perusal, they can non acquire solutions instantly and they may lose the motive to go on. Increasing hours of tutorials may work out this job efficaciously. Word count: 2944

Reflection in Philippine Literature

After 7 years I continued my studies, I am excited on the first day of school, because for me this new test in my life, My first subject is â€Å"Philippine Literature in English (Phil. lit. )†, there was a lady entered in our classroom, I think she was also one of the students, but I'm wrong she is our teacher, because the teacher sit in desk and showed that she is our teacher in that subject, Ms. Marites Nillo was her name, â€Å"a simple woman but charming† I said to myself. Philippine literature refers to all literature from the Philippines, written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and a variety of other Philippine languages. Philippine literature flourished during the Spanish period (nineteenth century) and the first half of the twentieth century. The literature of the Philippines covers a variety of genres, most notably poetry and metrical romances, prose, dramas, religious dramas, and secular dramas. Philippine literature is the key to discover the truth of my self. Often times perceiving what is fact from fiction is really confusing. It is quiet difficult to tell if a certain thing tells the truth or it is just a whole lie, publication of the truth, created in order to deceive. Philippine literature is a spring board of the truth that is handed down from generation to generation by our ancestors which is handed to us with care. The reason is that if the truth is manipulated, the truth will never be the truth any more but just a sort of knowledge. There is a saying that all truths are knowledge but not all knowledge is truth. I have learned that Philippine literature has brought me the realization of valuing the sense of being of a true Filipino, in spite of what have happened in our history that we are once slaves of the foreign invaders. However, the pursuit of happiness enlightens the hearts of the Filipinos into the light of a new nation. The rich cultural heritage of our ancestors has thought me a lot of things about the way of life. For instance the alamat The origin of things and events that usually narrates about the genesis of man, the meaning of life, the constant search of the truth and the profound meaning of life that bathala has brought us. This thing really intrigues me and gives me the atisfaction of seeking more about the meaning of my life through the lives of our ancestors and the connection of their lives to my life. I have learned also from their examples and wise sayings, that has been cultivated though their hardships. These experiences commonly teach about practical thinking and its application to life, that most of the Filipino are using now as a guide to daily living. I also learned how to make Elegy, and the truth is after I submitted Elegy I discarded it, because I don’t want to think that what someone say when I was dead. One good example of a wise saying is: nasa Diyos ang awa nasa tao ang gawa. (God helps those people who help them selves. ) This saying gives me the inspiration that even before the time of our ancestors they already have the perception of the existence of a one true God, who has the power to do signs and wonders in our life. That is why we have learned how to pray and constantly asking God’s help in all adversity of our life in order for us to be a productive citizen of our nation. This fact means that our ancestors have already the sense of religiosity that in life there should be someone that is greater than us, in life there is really the divine hand that is constantly guiding us in everything that we are doing and things that we are trying to achieve. There have been some very well-respected Filipino authors in the history of the Philippines, particularly authors such as Jose Rizal, whose writing during the Spanish colonial era helped to mobilize and reform the thinking of the Filipino people against the Spanish in their conquest of the country and give pride to the Filipino people. It was the controversial writings of Rizal that became a factor in his execution by the Spanish. The Philippines, having been under Spanish rule for nearly three centuries, changed hands to American rule following the Spanish-American War and a lot of the literature that followed gave a pro-Hispanic theme as the country began to adapt to life under American rule, at that time preferring life under Spanish rule. Also I learned about the other National Heroes did in our country, like Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno, they are the leading in Propaganda Movement. The study of literature during this period (the 20th and 21st Century writings) gives fascinating insight to the change that was going on in the Philippines and how the Filipino people were dealing with this. In this way the study of Philippine literature is actually also a study of part of the history of both Spain and America and demonstrates how the Filipino people related to these countries. The writings also point to the identity of the Filipino people during this era and their struggle to have an independent identity under the yoke of foreign rulers. I have realized that Philippine literature has influenced me so much that it became my way of thinking and feeling toward the appreciation of the beauty of life. In fact, the truth is that Philippine literature lies within the innermost seat of my heart. And no one could ever take it away from me. It means that I am a Filipino in thought, words and in action is the result of my experiences of Philippine literature in my life. This inspiration has helped me to discover the truth of my innermost self.

Reflect characters in Great Expectations Essays

Reflect characters in Great Expectations Essays Reflect characters in Great Expectations Essay Reflect characters in Great Expectations Essay Essay Topic: Great Expectations How Does Dickens use settings to reflect characters in Great Expectations? The novel Great Expectations was written in 1860-70 by Charles Dickens. Charles Dickens was born in February 7, 1812 on a Friday. His father, John Dickens, was a clerk in the Navy Pay Office. In 1814 Charles Dickens father was transferred to Somerset House in London. In 1817 John and his family moved to Chatham because John had got a job in the naval dockyard. This area near the Thames Marshes is suggested to be where Charles Dickenss got his inspiration for the beginning of Great Expectations. In 1924 Charles Dickens father, John Dickens was sent to Marshalsea prison because of financial difficulties. While his father was in prison Charles Dickens had to work at Warrens blacking warehouse to support the family. This is suggested to be one of Charles Dickenss most humiliating experiences and showed him how the distinctions between rich and poor social class play an important role in his society. I believe because of this experience when Dickens creates the character Magwitch he incorporates his fathers time in jail into Magwitch. I feel Dickens makes this reference to his life through Magwitch to make the novel autobiographical not only to himself but to the older higher classed Pip. During the time when Great Expectation was being written the industrial revolution was also taking place. The industrial revolution is suggested to be the one of the inspirations for the Character Pip as he is also going through his own revolution from a poor lower class boy to a rich high class gentleman. I also think Charles Dickens life is revealed through Pip as they both have things in common such as both coming from poor families but as they grow older both rise in social status. This shows that the novel in some ways is autobiographical. In 1856 Charles Dickens bought Gads Hill. This building is considered to be the inspiration behind Miss Havishams home Satis House. This was where Charles Dickens spent most of his time editing his two journals, Household Words and All the year Round. This huge mansion in Rochester was admired by Charles Dickens when he was a small boy very much like Pip who admired Satis House as a little boy. This also proves how Great Expectations is autobiographical. In 1827 Charles Dickens went to work at a law firm and then later became a journalist. Working for newspapers which led to the publication of his first novel The Pickwick Papers (1836). This novel was a great accomplishment and was very popular. Dickens also wrote many other novels such as, Oliver Twist (1837-38), Nicholas Nickleby (1838-39), The Old Curiosity Shop (1840), Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (1841), American Notes (1842), and many more.

Free Printable Science Worksheets and Coloring Pages

Free Printable Science Worksheets and Coloring Pages Science is usually a high-interest topic for kids. Children love to know how and why things work, and science is part of everything around us, from animals to earthquakes, to our own bodies. Capitalize on your students interest in the hows and whys of the world with these  free printable science worksheets, activity pages, and coloring pages on a variety of science-themed topics. General Science Printables No matter what topic youre studying, its never too early to begin teaching children to document their science lab findings. Teach your child to make a hypothesis (an educated guess) about what he thinks the result of the experiment will be and why. Then, show him how to document the results with these  science report forms.   Even young children can draw or photo journal their scientific explorations.   Learn about the men and women behind todays science knowledge base. Use a basic  biography lesson plan  to learn about any scientist or  try these  Albert Einstein printables  to learn about one of the most famous scientists of all time. Spend some time exploring the tools of a scientists trade with your students. Learn about the  parts of a microscope  and how to care for one. Study some fascinating general science principles that we use every day - often without even realizing it -  such as how  magnets  work,  Newtons Laws of Motion, and what  simple machines  are. Earth and Space Science Printables Our earth, space, planets, and the stars are fascinating to students of all ages. Whether you have an astronomy buff or a budding meteorologist, the study of life on our planet - and in our universe - and how it all connects is a topic worth delving into with your students. Dig into  astronomy and space exploration  or enjoy a set of  solar system printables  with your future astronomer, astronaut, or backyard stargazer. Study the  weather  and natural disasters such as  earthquakes  or  volcanoes. Discuss with your children the types of scientists who study those fields such as meteorologists, seismologists, volcanologists, and geologists. Geologists also study rocks. Spend some time outdoors creating your own rock collection and some time indoors learning about them with free  rocks printables. Animal and Insect Printables Kids love learning more about the creatures they can find in their own back yard - or the local zoo or aquarium. Spring is a wonderful time to study creatures like  birds  and  bees.   Learn about the scientists who make a living studying them such as  lepidopterists and entomologists. Schedule a field trip to chat with a bee keeper or visit a butterfly garden.   Visit a zoo and learn about mammals such as  elephants  (pachyderms) and  reptiles  such as alligators and crocodiles. If your student is really fascinated by the reptiles, print off a  reptiles coloring book  for him to enjoy when you get home.   See if you can arrange to talk to a zookeeper about the different animals in the zoo. Its also fun to make a scavenger hunt of your trip by finding an animal from each continent or one for each letter of the alphabet. You may have a future paleontologist on your hands. In that case, visit a museum of natural history so that she can learn all about dinosaurs. Then, capitalize on that interest with a set of free  dinosaur printables. While youre studying animals and insects, discuss how the seasons -  spring,  summer,  fall, and winter  - affect them and their habitats. Oceanography Oceanography is the study of the oceans and the creatures that live there. Many children - and adults - are fascinated by the ocean because there is still a great deal of mystery surrounding it and its inhabitants. Many  of the animals who call the ocean their home are very unusual-looking. Learn about the mammals and fish that swim in the ocean, such as dolphins, whales, sharks, and seahorses. Study some of the other ocean-dwelling creatures, such as: CrabsJellyfishLobstersManateeOctopusSea TurtleStarfish You may even want to dig deeper and learn more about some of your favorites, like dolphins or seahorses. Take advantage of your childs fascination with science-themed topics by incorporating fun printables and hands-on learning activities into your science studies.   Updated by Kris Bales

A striking feature of weak states is that they face very few Essay

A striking feature of weak states is that they face very few challenges from the people living in them. Why do weak states persist - Essay Example Research and analysis revel that the major contributor of weak states’ persistence is international support and assistance. Political scientists’ perception about the concept of state relies on Max Weber’s definition which entitles state as a corporate group that: holds a certain jurisdiction; practices continuous organization; maintains monopoly of power over territory and its population, in addition to all activities in its jurisdiction. The concept is primarily based on empirical and de facto aspects of statehood. The test for Weber’s state is the claim to monopoly of force in its jurisdiction. It implies that if an internal or external group or organization gets the hold and monopolistic control of a certain jurisdiction, it becomes a state. When there are several groups contesting for the same territory, and none can get control over and practice monopolistic force, Weber attributes this situation as â€Å"statelessness† (qtd. in Jackson and Carl 2-3). According to Weber’s empirical approach to statehood, many African states can be disqualified from the status of being a state because they don’t practice monopoly of force over their territorial jurisdiction. Rivals to the national government effectively established monopoly in some of the cases. Absence of continuous control of a permanent political organization and anarchy exist in these states. Regardless of the lacking governmental control, anarchy, and uncertainty, these states persist as members of international society of states. If we consider that the empirical statehood led to the persistence of state, some of the African states must disqualify. However, they persist and none of the claimant governments who practiced de facto control could establish new states in the particular area (Jackson and Carl 3). States definition that is based on juridical attributes of statehood is Ian Brownlie’s. He defines state as a legal person authorized by international law.

The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

The Epic of Gilgamesh - Essay Example When he finds this immortal man, Gilgamesh is given two chances at immortality but fails in both quests noticing in his return to Uruk that mortal men have found their own means of immortality through works of art and civilization. As the summary proves, Tablet's XI main theme is human concern on mortality and immortality. Human search of immortality, a theme that has impregnated thousands literary works, is shown in the Tablet through its imagery. As for example, the exhaustive description of Uruk's wall. In this description of Uruk's walls, Gilgamesh shows his audience the strength of the same by pointing the quality materials used to make it. He also focus on its age by referring to ancient characters like the Seven Sages, an idea further emphasized by the repetitions found in this excerpt, which also appears word by word in Tablet I. This strong wall symbolizes man's victory over time and death thus leading mortal people to a kind of immortality achieved through their surviving works (art and civilization). The secondary theme, survival, is closely related with immortality, as men fight against nature/gods (symbolized by the storm) to prevent their own death. This is easily seen in the imagery of the storm described in Utanapishtim flashback story of the Flood. In spite of the fury of gods' storm (or nature in other cases), Utanapishtim and his men manage to survive thus breaking their fate of mortality. For having won their fight against the Flood, those men are rewarded with immortality, only preserved to gods or heroes. Finally, also related with the main theme of immortality by opposition, appears the theme of death. Death, personified, is an evil character that prevents Gilgamesh to fulfil his destiny; death prosecutes him and is always with him, as is shown in this hyperbole. "The Snatcher has taken hold of my flesh, in my bedroom Death wells, and wherever I set foot there too is Death!" (257-59, Tablet XI, The Epic of Gilgamesh) Death is shown as an evil character who is not easily deceived as it happens with Gilgamesh that fails his both chances at immortality, first by falling asleep and second by losing the opportunity to become young again. So in the case of Gilgamesh, death wins the battle as he finally succumbs to its clutches. But he and his people will be always remembered by the strong wall that have constructed around the city. However, the literary devices are not only used in relation with the themes but also with other purposes such as memorization,